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Various attempts have been made to increase the ion selectivity of exchange resins by carrying out cross-linking polymerization of monomeric or oligomeric complex-forming compounds in the presence of metal ions. The SERS signal intensity linearly depended upon the concentration of tetramethylthiuram disulfide, indicating that the MF/Ag-NPs core-shell composite microsphere can be used for quantitative analysis of this insecticide. For the insecticide tetramethylthiuram disulfide, the detection limit was 10в€’9 mol Lв€’1 using the isolated MF/Ag-NPs microsphere as the SERS substrate. Due to the significant electromagnetic coupling effect created by the Ag-NPs on the MF microsphere, the SERS detection limits for 4-ABT, 4-CBT, and 4-DTNB were as low as 10в€’9 mol Lв€’1, 10в€’10 mol Lв€’1, and 10в€’8 mol Lв€’1, respectively. In this paper, the SERS activity of the composite microspheres was evaluated using 4-ABT, 4-CBT, and 4-DTNB as the Raman reporting molecules the SERS data of tetramethylthiuram disulfide were also acquired on the isolated MF/Ag-NPs core-shell composite microsphere. Their SERS spectra can be taken at the focal point to ensure the best analysis result or to recognize the identity of the microsphere for flow cytometry. These composite microspheres can be imaged and individually manipulated under an optical microscope. Uniform MF/Ag-NPs core-shell composite microspheres were fabricated as isolated SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering)-active substrates through coating of Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) onto MF (melamine formaldehyde resin) microspheres. Considering their excellent SERS performance, this kind of composite microsphere, which has both a SERS active shell and a magnetically separable core, would be very useful as an effective SERS substrate for detecting organic pollutants in solution. Additionally, the magnetic microspheres can be separated from solution rapidly, which shortened the detection time. The film assembled from the composite microspheres exhibited good reproducibility across the entire area. The SERS measurements exhibit clear enhancement signals by using R6G as a probe molecule, and even at concentrations as low as 10в€’14 M, all enhancement peaks could be observed clearly. The gaps in or between cross-linked nanosheets in the shell of the composite microspheres were proposed to provide sufficient вЂњhot spotsвЂќ when they were used as a SERS substrate. The results show that the nanosheet-assembled silver shell could be obtained and controlled by adjusting the concentration of citrate ions as a morphology directing-reagent. Well-dispersed magnetic-based silver composite microspheres with a nanosheet-assembled shell structure were synthesized at room temperature, where sonicating and mechanical stirring techniques were both employed and played important roles during the silver shell growth process. The results demonstrated that it was possible to prepare liposomes as carriers for articaine, hence offering a new alternative for the management of pain.

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The cytotoxicity of the formulations was evaluated using the MTT reduction test and was found to be lower compared to the free drug. The optimized formulation showed no substantial changes in these parameters during storage for up to 30 days at ambient temperature. The physicochemical properties of the suspensions (particle diameter, polydispersion, and encapsulation efficiency) were measured as a function of time in order to determine the stability of the formulations. In this work, liposomal formulations were optimized using experimental design methodology, considering the following parameters: average particle diameter, polydispersion, zeta potential, and ATC encapsulation efficiency. The development of new liposomal formulations involves the stages of preparation, physicochemical characterization, and evaluation of stability. Articaine (ATC) is a local anesthetic (LA) used in dental procedures, regional anesthesia, and the control of acute and chronic pain.

Advantages of these systems include protection of the active principle against degradation, modulation of the rate of drug release, and lower toxicity. There has been increasing interest in the use of liposomes as carrier systems for pharmaceuticals.

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